Colorectal cancer nearly always develops from precancerous polyps (abnormal growths) in the colon or rectum. A colonoscopy can detect precancerous polyps so that they can be removed before becoming cancerous. This screening test can also find colorectal cancer early when treatment works best.
The Centers for Disease Control recommends most people begin screening for colorectal cancer soon after turning 45 and continue screenings at regular intervals. Individuals at an increased risk of colon cancer may need to be tested earlier and more frequently than others.
If you’re like most, you’ve likely heard of a colonoscopy and may be apprehensive before your first experience. But knowing what to expect can help ease nerves. In this blog, the board-certified gastroenterologists at Las Vegas Gastroenterology (LVG), with offices in Las Vegas and Henderson, Nevada, explain what happens during and after your first colonoscopy.
Colonoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure to examine the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract, including the colon (large intestine) and rectum.
This screening aims to identify cell changes in the lining of these structures that can be a warning sign for cancer. Finding abnormal cells, or larger groups of cells known as polyps, can reduce your risk of cancer worsening and spreading to other areas of your body.
Also, colorectal cancer treatments are most successful when started in the earliest stages. Having routine colonoscopies makes early detection and treatment possible for both men and women.
Patients are kept comfortable throughout the screening with what is called “Monitored Anesthesia Care” sedation; this method usually involves intravenous (IV) doses of sedatives such as propofol. Patients are unconscious but are monitored closely by the anesthesiologist and the medical team. The patient will not feel any discomfort during the procedure. Because the patient is not awake or conscious, this also provides for a safer procedure as the patient remains still and does not move around while the medical team performs the colonoscopy.
Your physician inserts a thin, flexible scope into your rectum. The scope has a light attached and a camera to send real-time images of your gastrointestinal tract back to a monitor.
As the doctor moves the scope into your colon, he pumps some air in through the scope to better see the lining of your colon. This air pressure may make you feel uncomfortable, like you have a cramp or need a bowel movement.
If your doctor discovers any abnormal tissue in your colon or rectum, they can insert specialized instruments through the scope to complete a biopsy. A biopsy involves removing a tissue sample for further evaluation under a microscope at a lab to check for cancer cells. Your doctor may also remove polyps from the lining of your colon during the same procedure.
If you’ve had polyps removed during your colonoscopy, you may need to follow a special diet for a few days. Your physician will discuss this and any abnormal findings from your colonoscopy to determine if you need additional testing or treatment.
A colonoscopy generally takes between 30 and 60 minutes. However, you will stay in recovery until the sedation wears off enough for you to go home, and you will need someone to drive you home afterward.
Feeling bloated or gas for a few hours after your colonoscopy is normal. You may relieve these symptoms by walking around and eating small meals.
If you experience any unusual symptoms, such as passing blood clots or worsening abdominal pain, contact our office immediately for guidance.
To schedule your colonoscopy or a consultation, call the office most convenient to you or request an appointment online.
